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List of Baltimore Orioles no-hitters
The Baltimore Orioles are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Baltimore, Maryland. They play in the American League East division. Also known in their early years as the “Milwaukee Brewers” (1901) and St. Louis Browns” (1902–53) pitchers for the Orioles have thrown nine no-hitters in franchise history.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Baltimore Orioles Franchise History )〕 A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only "when a pitcher (or pitchers) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings". No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official; however, several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form. A no-hitter is rare enough that only one team in Major League Baseball has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat. No perfect games, a special subcategory of no-hitter, have been thrown in Orioles history.〔 As defined by Major League Baseball, "in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game."〔
Earl Hamilton threw the first no-hitter in Orioles history on August 30, 1912; the most recent no-hitter was a combined effort by Bob Milacki, Mike Flanagan, Mark Williamson and Gregg Olson on July 13, 1991.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Baltimore Orioles on Baseball Almanac )〕 No-hitters have been thrown by four left-handed starting pitchers and five right-handers. Seven no-hitters were thrown at home and two on the road. There have been two no-hitters in April, three in May, one in July, two in August, and one in September. The longest interval between no-hitters was 36 years from May 6, 1917 (Bob Groom) to May 6, 1953 (Bobo Holloman). The shortest interval was one day, May 5, 1917 (Ernie Koob) to May 6, 1917 (Groom).〔 The franchise no-hit the Oakland Athletics (formerly “Philadelphian Athletics”) the most, three times, by Holloman in 1953, Jim Palmer in 1969, and a combined no-hitter by Milacki, Flanagan, Williamson, and Olson in 1991. In two no-hitters, the team allowed at least one run: by Hamilton in 1912 (which was a loss) and a combined no-hitter by Steve Barber and Stu Miller in 1967. The most baserunners allowed in a no-hitter was a combined no-no by Barber and Miller, who allowed 14 in a 2–1 loss to the Detroit Tigers in 1967. Of the nine no-hitters, two have been won by a score of 1–0 and two by a score of 6–0, more common than any other result. The largest margin of victory was an 8–0 win by Palmer in 1969. The smallest margin of victory was a 1–0 wins by Koob in 1917 and Hoyt Wilhelm in 1958.
The umpire is an integral part of any no-hitter. The umpire makes any decision "which involves judgment, such as, but not limited to, whether a batted ball is fair or foul, whether a pitch is a strike or a ball, or whether a runner is safe or out… (umpire's judgment on such matters ) is final." Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone, which "is defined as that area over homeplate ''(sic)'' the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants, and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap."〔 These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter. Eight different umpires presided over each of the franchise's nine no-hitters.
The manager is another integral part of a no-hitter. For every game, the manager determines the starting rotation (who pitches in each game) as well as the batting order and defensive lineup.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Wikipedia )〕 A manager's decisions can contribute to a no-hitter. Seven different managers have led to the franchise's nine no-hitters.
==List of no-hitters in Browns/Orioles history==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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